home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ****************************
- * Prion protein signatures *
- ****************************
-
- Prion protein (PrP) [1,2,3] is a small glycoprotein found in high quantity in
- the brains of humans or animals infected with a number of degenerative
- neurological diseases such as Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), scrapie
- or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). PrP is encoded in the host genome
- and expressed both in normal and infected cells. It has a tendency to
- aggregate yielding polymers called rods.
-
- Structurally, PrP is a protein consisting of a signal peptide, followed by
- an N-terminal domain that contains tandem repeats of a short motif (PHGGGWGQ
- in mammals, PHNPGY in chicken), itself followed by a highly conserved domain
- of about 140 residues that contains a disulfide bond. Finally comes a C-
- terminal hydrophobic domain post-translationally removed when PrP is attached
- to the extracellular side of the cell membrane by a GPI-anchor. The structure
- of PrP is shown in the following schematic representation:
-
- +---+----------------+-******-------------------****-----+-----+
- |Sig| Tandem repeats | C C S| |
- +---+----------------+--------------------|--------|----|+-----+
- +--------+ |
- GPI
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '*': position of the patterns.
-
- As signature pattern for PrP, we selected a perfectly conserved alanine- and
- glycine-rich region of 16 residues as well as a region centered on the second
- cysteine involved in the disulfide bond.
-
- -Consensus pattern: A-G-A-A-A-A-G-A-V-V-G-G-L-G-G-Y
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: E-x-[ED]-x-K-[LIVM](2)-x-[KR]-[LIVM](2)-x-[QE]-M-C-x(2)-
- Q-Y
- [C is involved in a disulfide bond]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: December 1992 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Stahl N., Prusiner S.B.
- FASEB J. 5:2799-2807(1991).
- [ 2] Brunori M., Chiara Silvestrini M., Pocchiari M.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 13:309-313(1988).
- [ 3] Prusiner S.B.
- Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 43:345-374(1989).
-